山东省羊产业经济地位演变历程分析

利用权威统计资料,从产品贡献、产值贡献、收入贡献和消费贸易贡献等4个方面分析了山东省羊产业经济地位的演变历程。研究结果表明:1978年以来,山东省羊出栏量、羊肉产量、羊饲养产值和养羊业收入等指标的绝对量呈较为稳定的增长趋势,而相对量则呈现出波动中稳定发展的趋势;山东省羊奶产量和羊肉出口量则呈下降趋势。     

Wolves' contribution to structural change in grazing systems among swiss alpine summer farms: The evidence from causal random forest

The return of wolves to Swiss mountains and the damage they cause to sheep and goat herds in the region have raised concerns about a consequent wave of farm closures. In this paper, we examine the relationship between wolf attacks and the decline of Alpine summer farms, a specific high-altitude farm type. We collected farm structure data and monitoring data on wolf attacks between 2004 and 2021 and analysed them using a causal random forest method, enabling a detailed analysis of the relation between wolf attacks and the number of different types of Alpine summer farms at a regional level. The results show that the farming systems are unaffected by incidental and infrequent wolf attacks, but that a high number of wolf attacks in a region is related to faster decrease in number of grazing systems where sheep are most vulnerable to such attacks. In contrast, systems that allow for better herd protection tend to show an increase in areas with frequent wolf attacks.     

发展连锁经营探析

如今在企业商业运行中有着经营策略执行、商品供销服务、资源有效配置等优势的连锁经营形式,被越来越多的企业、商家所应用。本文通过分析比较我国两家最具代表性连锁经营公司的经营模式,提出了发展连锁经营的对策。     

信贷周期的形成及其对金融稳定的影响——行为金融学的剖析

银行家像普通投资者那样也是有限理性者。在经济波动出现上行拐点和下行拐点时,由于银行家的认知偏差,银行贷款市场上会出现群体性多贷和群体性拒贷的两次羊群行为,造成信贷扩张与紧缩并形成信贷周期,不仅给银行造成了大量的不良贷款,也对金融稳定产生了严重的影响。要熨平信贷周期,消除银行贷款市场上的羊群行为,宏观调控要消弥市场预期归一化的形成,政府要加强信息披露并提供有市场公信力的信息产品,要使商业银行重视行业走势的研究,并改变银行家的报酬结构。     

山东省肉羊产业发展的区域分析

山东省肉羊产业是除了内蒙古和新疆之外全国第三大肉羊产业区,是最大的农区肉羊产业区域。一个区域内肉羊产业发展的情况会存在地域差异。通过聚类分析的方法从肉羊产业发展综合比较优势指数和综合集聚指数两方面将山东省各市肉羊产业发展分为三种类型,即发展潜力区域、优势欠缺区域、发展较成熟区域,并根据各类区域的特征提出相应的发展建议。     

The role of family life-cycle events on persistent and transient inefficiencies in less favoured areas

Family farms dominate less favoured areas (LFAs) within Europe, and family life-cycle conditions, such as succession and retirement, affects how these farms adapt to changing circumstances. Past studies of on-farm technical efficiency have not directly addressed these conditions, but they may explain why some farms are more efficient than others, especially as the farm family model dominates most farming systems. Motivated by the UK's withdrawal from the EU and the debate around establishing replacement support policies, we apply a multi-step model to measure both transient and persistent inefficiencies using a panel of LFA cattle and sheep farms in Scotland over the period 2003–2020. We find a greater prevalence of persistent compared to transient inefficiency, which suggests that structural problems still exist. Farms with planned succession are found to have higher persistent efficiencies, whereas farmers nearing retirement have lower levels. Other factors, such as dependence on subsidy, off-farm activity and classification as severely disadvantaged tend to compound these lower efficiencies. We argue that life-cycle conditions should not be ignored in studies of farm technical efficiency. Within the scope of framing a new agricultural policy for UK administrations, these results inform the debate on support for LFAs, as well as the promotion of support towards generational renewal to ease transition across farm family life-cycle events.     

Consumer biases in the perception of organizational greed

This article extends current models of how consumers judge or perceive organizations as greedy using the theoretical framework of motivated moral reasoning. We show that inherent features of an organization (size and ‘black sheep’ status) and its behaviour (relative frequency) bias consumer perceptions of organizational greed. We use an experimental methodology, present subjects with vignettes describing different scenarios, validate our questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis, and test our hypotheses using a general linear model with covariates. Our findings suggest that consumer perceptions of organizational greed are subject to three effects: the underdog effect (Study 1, n = 496), the black sheep effect (Study 2, n = 229) and the ‘common is moral’ heuristic (Study 3, n = 249). This is the first study to investigate greed under a motivated reasoning paradigm and to show that perceptions of organizational greed are subject to socio-psychological biases. This study also provides advice on branding and positioning strategies that appeal to the underdog status of an organization or its local origins.